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| 1978 |
| | | Italian cardinal Albino Luciani is elected pope and takes the name John Paul I | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Pope John Paul I dies, after a pontificate of only 33 days | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Polish cardinal Karol Wojtyla is elected pope and takes the name John Paul II | |
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| 1978 |
| | | Demonstrations take place throughout Iran, demanding Islamic rule under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini | |
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| 1979 |
| | | An Islamic revolution forces the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to flee from Iran | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Ayatollah Khomeini receives a rapturous welcome on his return to Iran to head the Islamic Revolutionary Committee | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Communist measures in Afghanistan provoke a Muslim jihad and the murder of more than 100 Russians in Herat | |
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| 1979 |
| | | John Paul II makes an emotional and influential return to Poland, the country of his birth | |
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| 1979 |
| | | Supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US embassy in Tehran, taking hostage 66 US citizens | |
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| 1980 |
| | | Archbishop Oscar Romero, an exponent of liberation theology, is killed as he celebrates Mass in San Salvador | |
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